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Bidirectional texture function

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">Bidirectional texture function (BTF) <a href="#cite_note-r3-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-r4-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-r1-3">[3]</a> is a 6-<a href="Dimension" title="Dimension">dimensional</a> function depending on planar texture coordinates (x,y) as well as on view and illumination spherical angles. In practice this function is obtained as a set of several thousand color images of material sample taken during different camera and light positions.

The BTF is a representation of the appearance of texture as a function of viewing and illumination direction. It is an image-based representation, since the geometry of the surface is unknown and not measured. BTF is typically captured by imaging the surface at a sampling of the hemisphere of possible viewing and illumination directions. BTF measurements are collections of images. The term BTF was first introduced in <a href="#cite_note-r3-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-r4-2">[2]</a> and similar terms have since been introduced including <a href="Bssrdf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bssrdf">BSSRDF</a><a href="#cite_note-r5-4">[4]</a> and SBRDF (spatial BRDF). SBRDF has a very similar definition to BTF, i.e. BTF is also a spatially varying BRDF.

To cope with a massive BTF data with high redundancy, many compression methods were proposed.<a href="#cite_note-r1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-r2-5">[5]</a>

Application of the BTF is in <a href="Photorealistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photorealistic">photorealistic</a> material rendering of objects in <a href="Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> systems and for visual scene analysis,<a href="#cite_note-r7-6">[6]</a> e.g., recognition of complex real-world materials using bidirectional feature histograms or 3D textons.

Biomedical and biometric applications of the BTF include recognition of skin texture.<a href="#cite_note-r6-7">[7]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bidirectional_scattering_distribution_function" title="Bidirectional scattering distribution function">BSDF</a> == <a href="Bidirectional_reflectance_distribution_function" title="Bidirectional reflectance distribution function">BRDF</a> + <a href="Bidirectional_transmittance_distribution_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidirectional transmittance distribution function">BTDF</a>, a 4+1 dimensional function of the scattering distribution from a single <a href="Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">point</a>/<a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a>/<a href="Vertex_(computer_graphics)" title="Vertex (computer graphics)">vertex</a>.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/software/curet/">Columbia Utrecht Reflectance and Texture Database</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cg.cs.uni-bonn.de/en/projects/btfdbb/">BTF Database Bonn and Measurement Lab</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ro.utia.cas.cz/10cvpr_tutorial/">CVPR 2010 BTF Modeling Tutorial</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgg.cvut.cz/members/havravla/btfbase/">BTFbase - BTF compression based on a multi-level vector quantization (free BTF shader)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://btf.utia.cas.cz/">UTIA BTF Database - a new source of publicly available bidirectional texture function measurements</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKristin_J._DanaBram_van_GinnekenShree_K._NayarJan_J._Koenderink1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kristin J. Dana; Bram van Ginneken; Shree K. Nayar; Jan J. Koenderink (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/~kdana">"Reflectance and texture of real world surfaces"</a>. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 18 (1): 1–34. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F300776.300778">10.1145/300776.300778</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:622815">622815</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-r4-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r4_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-r4_2-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFKristin_J._DanaBram_van_GinnekenShree_K._NayarJan_J._Koenderink1996" class="citation web cs1">Kristin J. Dana; Bram van Ginneken; Shree K. Nayar; Jan J. Koenderink (1996). "Reflectance and texture of real world surfaces". Columbia University Technical Report CUCS-048-96.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (help)

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<li id="cite_note-r1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFJiří_FilipMichal_Haindl2009" class="citation journal cs1">Jiří Filip; Michal Haindl (2009). "Bidirectional Texture Function Modeling: A State of the Art Survey". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 31 (11): 1921–1940. <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.494.2660">10.1.1.494.2660</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTPAMI.2008.246">10.1109/TPAMI.2008.246</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19762922">19762922</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9283615">9283615</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-r2-5"><a href="#cite_ref-r2_5-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFVlastimil_HavranJiří_FilipKarol_Myszkowski2009" class="citation journal cs1">Vlastimil Havran; Jiří Filip; Karol Myszkowski (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804074727/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123233573/abstract">"Bidirectional Texture Function Compression based on Multi-Level Vector Quantization"</a>. Computer Graphics Forum. 29 (1): 175–190. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123233573/abstract">the original</a> on 2010-08-04.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-r7-6"><a href="#cite_ref-r7_6-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMichal_HaindlJiří_Filip2013" class="citation book cs1">Michal Haindl; Jiří Filip (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/computer/image+processing/book/978-1-4471-4901-9">Visual Texture: Accurate Material Appearance Measurement, Representation and Modeling</a>. Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Springer-Verlag London 2013. p. 285. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4471-4901-9</bdi>.</cite>

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